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Fire Prevention, Detection, and Suppression

CISSP

  1. Fire Prevention
    • Key Aspects: Training, proper construction, availability of supplies, and ensuring reachability of fire-fighting equipment.
  2. Fire Detection
    • Manual Detection: Using pull boxes to manually alert fire services.
    • Automatic Detection: Systems like automatic dial-up that notify the fire department (Auxiliary station alarm).
    • Types of Detectors:
      • Smoke-activated
      • Heat-activated
      • Flame-activated (infrared)
  3. Fire Classes and Suppression Methods
    • Class A (Common Combustibles):
      • Extinguishers: Water, Soda Acid.
      • Method: Remove temperature.
    • Class B (Flammable Liquids):
      • Extinguishers: Gas/CO2, Soda Acid.
      • Method: Remove fuel.
    • Class C (Electrical Fires):
      • Extinguishers: Gas/CO2.
      • Method: Displace oxygen.
    • Class D (Metal Fires):
      • Extinguishers: Dry Powder.
      • Method: Specialized agents for metal fires.
  4. Fire Suppression Agents
    • Water: Suppresses temperature.
    • Soda Acid: Reduces fuel supply.
    • CO2: Reduces oxygen levels.
    • Halon: Disrupts the chemical reaction in fires.
  5. Fire Extinguisher Placement
    • Should be positioned 50 feet from equipment and towards the exit door.
  6. Heat Sensitivity
    • Computer Hardware: Sensitive at 175°F (80°C).
    • Magnetic Storage: Sensitive at 100°F (37°C).
    • Paper: Ignites at 350°F (176°C).
  7. Sprinkler Systems
    • Wet Pipe: Always filled with water, activated at 165°F.
    • Dry Pipe: Water fills pipes only when activated by heat.
    • Pre-action (Most Recommended): Water is initially held in tanks; pipes fill when air is lost due to heat detection, followed by water release when a thermal link melts.
  8. Halon Fire Suppression
    • 1211: Portable Halon units.
    • 1301: Used for flooding areas.
    • FM-200: The most common replacement for Halon (alternatives include CEA, NAF, FE-13, Argon, INERGEN, and Low Pressure Water).
  9. Fire Resistance
    • Walls: Rated for 1-hour fire resistance.
    • Adjacent Rooms with Paper: Rated for 2-hour fire resistance.

These concepts are essential for understanding how to prevent, detect, and respond to fire emergencies, particularly in environments with sensitive equipment and materials.

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