- Repeaters
- Function: Amplify data signals to extend their range.
- Layer: Operates at the Physical Layer.
- Hubs
- Function: Connect multiple LAN devices into a concentrator; acts as a multi-port repeater.
- Layer: Operates at the Physical Layer.
- Bridges
- Function: Forwards data to all other network segments if it’s not on the local segment.
- Layer: Operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer), does not use IP addressing.
- Switches
- Function: Sends data only to the specific destination address, acting as a multi-port bridge.
- Layer: Operates at the Data Link Layer.
- Routers
- Function: Opens data packets, reads hardware or network addresses, and forwards them to the correct network.
- Layer: Operates at the Network Layer.
- Gateways
- Function: Software or hardware that acts as an access point to another network or translates between different protocols.
- Usage: Often used for connecting different network environments, such as LAN to WAN or different protocol systems.
- LAN Extenders
- Function: Provide remote access, act as multi-layer switches that connect LANs over a WAN.
- Usage: Extend the LAN by connecting it to remote networks.
These LAN devices are essential for building, extending, and managing local area networks, each playing a specific role in ensuring efficient and secure data communication.