1. BUS
   • Description: All network transmissions must travel the full length of a single cable, with all devices connected to this central line.
   • Pros: Simple to install and requires less cable than other topologies.
   • Cons: If the main cable fails, the entire network goes down.
2. RING
   • Description: Workstations are connected in a circular fashion, forming a closed loop where each device is connected to two others.
   • Pros: Data flows in one direction, reducing the chance of packet collisions.
   • Cons: If any single connection in the ring is broken, the entire network can be disrupted.
3. STAR
   • Description: All nodes are connected to a central device, such as a hub or switch.
   • Pros: Easy to manage and troubleshoot; a failure in one cable does not affect the entire network.
   • Cons: If the central device fails, the entire network is impacted.
4. TREE
   • Description: A variation of the bus topology, with multiple branches extending from the main bus line.
   • Pros: Scalable and can easily add new devices.
   • Cons: If the main bus line fails, multiple segments of the network can be affected.
5. MESH
   • Description: All nodes are interconnected, with multiple pathways for data to travel between nodes.
   • Pros: High redundancy and reliability; failure of one connection does not affect network connectivity.
   • Cons: Complex and expensive to implement due to the large amount of cabling and configuration required.

These topologies provide different methods for connecting devices in a LAN, each with its own advantages and disadvantages based on factors such as redundancy, cost, and ease of troubleshooting.